Defective mitochondria remodelling in B cells leads to an aged immune response.

The B cell response in the germinal centre (GC) reaction requires a unique bioenergetic supply. Although mitochondria are remodelled upon antigen-mediated B cell receptor stimulation, mitochondrial function in B cells is still poorly understood. To gain a better understanding of the role of mitochondria in B cell function, here we generate mice with B cell-specific deficiency in Tfam, a transcription factor necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis. Tfam conditional knock-out (KO) mice display a blockage of the GC reaction and a bias of B cell differentiation towards memory B cells and aged-related B cells, hallmarks of an aged immune response. Unexpectedly, blocked GC reaction in Tfam KO mice is not caused by defects in the bioenergetic supply but is associated with a defect in the remodelling of the lysosomal compartment in B cells. Our results may thus describe a mitochondrial function for lysosome regulation and the downstream antigen presentation in B cells during the GC reaction, the dysruption of which is manifested as an aged immune response.

Impact of Pleural Lavage Cytology Positivity on Early Recurrence After Surgery for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer / Impacto de la positividad de la citología del lavado pleural en la recurrencia temprana después de la cirugía por cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of pleural lavage cytology positivity on early recurrence in patients operated on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: This is a multicentre prospective cohort study of 684 patients undergoing an anatomical lung resection for NSCLC between October 2015 and October 2017 at 12 national centres. A pleural lavage was performed before and after lung resection. The association between the different predictors of early recurrence and PLC positivity was performed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. A propensity score analysis was performed by inverse probability weighting (IPSW) using average treatment effect (ATE) estimation to analyse the impact of PLC positivity on early recurrence. Results: Overall PLC positivity was observed in 15 patients (2.2%). After two years, 193 patients (28.2%) relapsed, 182 (27.2%) with a negative PLC and 11 (73.3%) with a positive PLC (p<0.001). Factors associated to early recurrence were adenocarcinoma histology (OR=1.59, 95%CI 1.06–2.38, p=0.025), visceral pleural invasion (OR=1.59, 95%CI 1.04–2.4, p=0.03), lymph node involvement (OR=1.84, 95%CI 1.14–2.96, p=0.013), advanced pathological stage (OR=2.12, 95%CI 1.27–3.54, p=0.004) and PLC positivity (OR=4.14, 95%CI 1.25–16.36, p=0.028). After IPSW, PLC positivity was associated with an increased risk of early recurrence (OR=3.46, 95%CI 2.25–5.36, p<0.001). Conclusions: Positive pleural lavage cytology was found to be the strongest predictor of early recurrence.(AU)

Impact of Pleural Lavage Cytology Positivity on Early Recurrence After Surgery for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of pleural lavage cytology positivity on early recurrence in patients operated on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: This is a multicentre prospective cohort study of 684 patients undergoing an anatomical lung resection for NSCLC between October 2015 and October 2017 at 12 national centres. A pleural lavage was performed before and after lung resection. The association between the different predictors of early recurrence and PLC positivity was performed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. A propensity score analysis was performed by inverse probability weighting (IPSW) using average treatment effect (ATE) estimation to analyse the impact of PLC positivity on early recurrence. RESULTS: Overall PLC positivity was observed in 15 patients (2.2%). After two years, 193 patients (28.2%) relapsed, 182 (27.2%) with a negative PLC and 11 (73.3%) with a positive PLC (p<0.001). Factors associated to early recurrence were adenocarcinoma histology (OR=1.59, 95%CI 1.06-2.38, p=0.025), visceral pleural invasion (OR=1.59, 95%CI 1.04-2.4, p=0.03), lymph node involvement (OR=1.84, 95%CI 1.14-2.96, p=0.013), advanced pathological stage (OR=2.12, 95%CI 1.27-3.54, p=0.004) and PLC positivity (OR=4.14, 95%CI 1.25-16.36, p=0.028). After IPSW, PLC positivity was associated with an increased risk of early recurrence (OR=3.46, 95%CI 2.25-5.36, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Positive pleural lavage cytology was found to be the strongest predictor of early recurrence.

Endoplasmic reticulum expansion throughout the differentiation of teleost B cells to plasmablasts.

The differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells is fundamental for the generation of humoral immunity. In mammals, this process involves a series of metabolic and intracellular changes, not studied to date in teleost fish, where a clear distinction between naive B cells and plasmablasts/plasma cells (PCs) is still missing. Thus, in the current study, we have established that upon activation, teleost B cells undergo an expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but experience no significant changes in mitochondria content. In parallel, the transcription of genes implicated in B cell differentiation increases, while that of mitochondrial genes decreases. In this context, ER monitoring has allowed us to distinguish between small cells with low amounts of ER (FSCloERlo B cells), that correspond to undifferentiated cells, and large cells with expanded ER (FSChiERhi B cells), characterized as plasmablasts. The results shed new light on the B cell differentiation process in teleosts and provide us with novel tools to study B cell function in these species.

Osteomielitis crónica agudizada del maxilar. Presentación de un caso pediátrico / Acute chronic osteomyelitis of the maxilla. Presentation of pediatric case / Osteomielite crônica aguda da maxila. Apresentação de um caso pediátrico

RESUMEN Se presentó el caso de una paciente femenina de 9 años con historia de traumatismo a nivel de incisivos centrales superiores, por lo cual recibió tratamiento para apicoformación con hidróxido de calcio durante un periodo prolongado, que luego de realizarle la obturación de los conductos radiculares presentó un cuadro de inflamación aguda en labio superior y vestíbulo bucal. El tratamiento incluyó terapia antimicrobiana, desbridamiento quirúrgico amplio bajo anestesia general, apicectomía de ambos incisivos, obturación a visión directa de los conductos y sellado apical de los dientes con gutapercha. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico fue el de osteomielitis crónica agudizada del maxilar. Año y medio después se observó ausencia clínica de signos inflamatorios y adecuada cicatrización del tejido óseo. Se concluyó que, aunque los reportes de osteomielitis crónica del hueso maxilar son escasos, debe estar presente dentro del diagnóstico diferencial cuando se evalúan pacientes en edad pediátrica con historia de traumatismo dentoalveolar y procesos inflamatorios en la región maxilofacial.

ABSTRACT A nine-year old female patient presented with a history of trauma to the upper central incisors. She received treatment for apicoforming with calcium hydroxide for a prolonged period, who after root canal obturation presented acute inflammation of the upper lip and buccal vestibule. Treatment included antimicrobial therapy, extensive surgical debridement under general anesthesia, apicoectomy of both incisors, and direct visual obturation of the canals and apical sealing of the teeth with gutta-percha. The anatomopathologic diagnosis was acute chronic osteomyelitis of the maxilla. One and a half years later, clinical absence of inflammatory signs and adequate healing of the bone tissue were observed. It was concluded that, although reports concerning chronic osteomyelitis of the maxillary bone are rare events, this type of infection should be always present at the time of the differential diagnosis for evaluating pediatric patients with a history of dentoalveolar trauma and inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial region.

RESUMO Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente feminina de 9 anos de idade com histórico de trauma nos incisivos centrais superiores, para a qual ela recebeu tratamento para apicoformação com hidróxido de cálcio por um período prolongado, que após a obturação do canal radicular apresentou inflamação aguda do lábio superior e vestíbulo vestibular. O tratamento incluiu terapia antimicrobiana, desbridamento cirúrgico extensivo sob anestesia geral, apicoectomia de ambos os incisivos, obturação visual direta dos canais e vedação apical dos dentes com guta-percha. O diagnóstico patológico foi uma osteomielite crônica aguda da maxila. Um ano e meio depois, houve uma ausência clínica de sinais inflamatórios e uma cicatrização adequada do tecido ósseo. Concluiu-se que, embora os relatos de osteomielite crônica do osso maxilar sejam escassos, ela deveria estar presente no diagnóstico diferencial ao avaliar pacientes pediátricos com histórico de trauma dentoalveolar e processos inflamatórios na região maxilofacial.

Inflammatory pseudotumor and myofibroblastic inflammatory tumor. Diagnostic criteria and prognostic differences.

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) are two very rare entities that were formerly included in the same category; however, today they are considered two different diseases due to the neoplastic origin of the IMT. Our objective is to share our experience in the management of these two types of tumors that we must take into account in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary masses or nodules. METHODS: Thirteen patients with a pathological diagnosis of IPT and IMT who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2019 were retrospectively studied. We recorded the pre and postoperative information of each one, as well as the survival analysis. RESULTS: Of the 13 patients, 8 were men and 5 women. The mean age of presentation was 53,5 years. An atypical segmentectomy was performed in 6 patients; a lobectomy was necessary in 6 and a pneumonectomy in 1 case. In all cases a complete resection was achieved. Diagnosis was possible thanks to histology, immunohistochemical (IHQ) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques determining the expression of IgG4 and the rearrangement of ALK, respectively. After a median follow up of 49 months, we didn't find any loco-regional or distant recurrence in the patients studied. CONCLUSION: IPT and IMT are rare tumors with a very good prognostic. The diagnosis of both entities is based mainly on specific anatomopathological techniques. Surgery has, in most cases, both a diagnostic and therapeutic role.

Inflammatory pseudotumor and myofibroblastic inflammatory tumor. Diagnostic criteria and prognostic differences. / Seudotumor inflamatorio y tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio. Criterios diagnósticos y diferencias pronósticas.

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) are two very rare entities that were formerly included in the same category; however, today they are considered two different diseases due to the neoplastic origin of the IMT. Our objective is to share our experience in the management of these two types of tumors that we must take into account in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary masses or nodules. METHODS: Thirteen patients with a pathological diagnosis of IPT and IMT who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2019 were retrospectively studied. We recorded the pre and postoperative information of each one, as well as the survival analysis. RESULTS: Of the 13 patients, 8 were men and 5 women. The mean age of presentation was 53,5 years. An atypical segmentectomy was performed in 6 patients; a lobectomy was necessary in 6 and a pneumonectomy in 1 case. In all cases a complete resection was achieved. Diagnosis was possible thanks to histology, immunohistochemical (IHQ) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques determining the expression of IgG4 and the rearrangement of ALK, respectively. After a median follow up of 49 months, we didnt find any loco-regional or distant recurrence in the patients studied. CONCLUSION: IPT and IMT are rare tumors with a very good prognostic. The diagnosis of both entities is based mainly on specific anatomopathological techniques. Surgery has, in most cases, both a diagnostic and therapeutic role.

Higiene de las prótesis removibles en pacientes atendidos en la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo, Ecuador 2019 / Hygiene for removable dental prostheses in patients assisted at San Gregorio de Portoviejo University, Ecuador 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: la prótesis dental removible es un tratamiento rehabilitador que devuelve las funciones al sistema estomatognático; para su éxito se necesita responsabilidad y compromiso entre el profesional y el paciente sobre la higiene y modo de uso. Objetivo: determinar el estado higiénico de la prótesis removible acrílica en los pacientes atendidos en las clínicas odontológicas de la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo en el periodo marzo-agosto de 2019. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal utilizando un cuestionario y una ficha de observación validados. Todos los sujetos de la investigación firmaron el consentimiento informado antes de responder el cuestionario y ser examinados. Se aplicó la estadística descriptiva, frecuencia y porcentaje. Resultados: fueron evaluados 100 paciente, con predominio del sexo femenino (74 %), y la edad de 50 años o más (54 %). Los resultados muestran que el 53 % de los pacientes usan prótesis confeccionadas por cinco o más años, y que el 94 % no ha asistido a controles subsiguientes. El método mecánico (86 %) es el más utilizado para higienizar las prótesis, y en el 65 % de las prótesis se observó acumulación de placa bacteriana y restos de alimento. La mayoría de los pacientes (78 %) usa la prótesis dental durante todo el día (24 horas) y, cerca de la mitad, tiene signos clínicos de estomatitis subprotésica (46 %). Conclusiones: la mayoría de los pacientes no cumplen con las normas de higiene y uso de las prótesis removibles por lo cual se necesita un cambio en su educación y seguimiento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the removable dental prostheses is a rehabilitation treatment that returns the functions to the stomatognathic system; for its successful action it is necessary responsibility and commitment between the professional and the patient on hygiene and mode of use. Objective: to determine the hygienic condition of the removable acrylic prostheses in patients attended in the dental clinics at San Gregorio de Portoviejo University in the period March - August 2019. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a validated questionnaire and observation worksheet. All participants in the research provided handwritten signature informed consent form before answering the questionnaire and being examined. Descriptive statistics, frequency and percentage were applied. Results: a total of 100 patients were evaluated, with higher prevalence in females (74%), and 50 years of age or more (54%). The results show that 53% of the patients use prostheses made for five or more years, and 94% have not attended subsequent checks. The mechanical method (86%) is the most used to sanitize the prostheses, and in 65% of the prostheses was observed accumulation of bacterial plaque and food debris. Most patients (78%) wear their prostheses throughout the day (24 hours) and about half have clinical signs of subprosthetic stomatitis (46%). Conclusions: Most patients do not comply with the rules of hygiene and use of removable prostheses so a change is needed in their education and monitoring.

The HSV-1 ubiquitin ligase ICP0: Modifying the cellular proteome to promote infection.

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) hijacks ubiquitination machinery to modify the cellular proteome to create an environment permissive for virus replication. HSV-1 encodes its own RING-finger E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase, Infected Cell Protein 0 (ICP0), that directly interfaces with component proteins of the Ub pathway to inactivate host immune defences and cellular processes that restrict the progression of HSV-1 infection. Consequently, ICP0 plays a critical role in the infectious cycle of HSV-1 that is required to promote the efficient onset of lytic infection and productive reactivation of viral genomes from latency. This review will describe the current knowledge regarding the biochemical properties and known substrates of ICP0 during HSV-1 infection. We will highlight the gaps in the characterization of ICP0 function and propose future areas of research required to understand fully the biological properties of this important HSV-1 regulatory protein.

A selective autophagy cargo receptor NBR1 modulates abscisic acid signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The plant selective autophagy cargo receptor neighbour of breast cancer 1 gene (NBR1) has been scarcely studied in the context of abiotic stress. We wanted to expand this knowledge by using Arabidopsis thaliana lines with constitutive ectopic overexpression of the AtNBR1 gene (OX lines) and the AtNBR1 Knock-Out (KO lines). Transcriptomic analysis of the shoots and roots of one representative OX line indicated differences in gene expression relative to the parental (WT) line. In shoots, many differentially expressed genes, either up- or down-regulated, were involved in responses to stimuli and stress. In roots the most significant difference was observed in a set of downregulated genes that is mainly related to translation and formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes. The link between AtNBR1 overexpression and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling was suggested by an interaction network analysis of these differentially expressed genes. Most hubs of this network were associated with ABA signalling. Although transcriptomic analysis suggested enhancement of ABA responses, ABA levels were unchanged in the OX shoots. Moreover, some of the phenotypes of the OX (delayed germination, increased number of closed stomata) and the KO lines (increased number of lateral root initiation sites) indicate that AtNBR1 is essential for fine-tuning of the ABA signalling pathway. The interaction of AtNBR1 with three regulatory proteins of ABA pathway (ABI3, ABI4 and ABI5) was observed in planta. It suggests that AtNBR1 might play role in maintaining the balance of ABA signalling by controlling their level and/or activity.

Caracterización de la estomatitis subprotésica en portadores de prótesis removible en clínicas de la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo, Ecuador / Characterization of subprosthetic stomatitis in patients with removable prosthesis. San Gregorio de Portoviejo University

RESUMEN Introducción: La estomatitis subprotésica es un proceso inflamatorio de la mucosa bucal que se encuentra cubierta por una prótesis removible, de causa multifactorial y alta prevalencia. Objetivo: Caracterizar la estomatitis subprotésica en pacientes portadores de prótesis removible atendidos en las clínicas odontológicas de la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo en el período marzo-noviembre de 2019. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, con los criterios de inclusión siguientes: mayores de 18 años, ambos sexos, buen estado de salud general, no practicar hábitos tóxicos, usar prótesis removible, total o parcial, confeccionada de acrílico o metales. Todos los sujetos de la investigación firmaron el consentimiento informado antes de realizarles la historia clínica de odontología del Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador de donde se extrajeron los datos sociodemográficos, signos clínicos y características de la prótesis. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 100 pacientes. El 45 %, presentaba signos clínicos de estomatitis subprotésica; predominó el sexo femenino con el 33 % y el grupo de edad de 40 a 59 años con un 26 %. La mayoría de las prótesis no se ajustan ni adaptan de manera correcta, y tienen un mal estado físico, en el 80, 82,2 y el 91 %, respectivamente. El 84,4 % de los pacientes utilizaba prótesis parcial removible, confeccionadas con acrílico, por un periodo de 1 a 6 años en el 60 % de los casos. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de estomatitis subprotésica se asocia con el mal estado físico, desajuste e inadecuada adaptación de las prótesis removibles, lo que indica la necesidad de la institución para el establecimiento de estrategias docentes hacia la comunidad para su prevención y diagnóstico temprano.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Subprosthetic stomatitis is an inflammatory process of the mucosa in the oral cavity covered by a removable prosthesis, with a multifactorial cause and high prevalence. Objective: To characterize subprosthetic stomatitis in patients with removable prosthesis treated at the dental clinics of San Gregorio University in Portoviejo in the period March-November 2019. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, with the following inclusion criteria: patients over 18 years old, both sexes, good general health, no toxic habits, use of removable prosthesis, total or partial, made of acrylic or metals. All the patients involved in the research signed their consent, information given to them before taking their dental records taken by the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador, from which socio-demographic data, clinical signs and characteristics of the prosthesis were extracted. Results: 100 patients were evaluated. Forty-five per cent showed clinical signs of subprosthetic stomatitis; the female sex (33%) predominated and the age group 40-59 years with (26%). Most of the prosthesis did not fit or adapt correctly and were in poor physical condition in 80%, 82.2% and 91% respectively. 84.4% of the patients used removable partial prosthesis, made of acrylic, for a period of 1 to 6 years, (60%) of the cases. Conclusions: The diagnosis of subprosthetic stomatitis is associated with poor physical condition, maladjustment and inadequate adaptation of removable prostheses, which indicates the need for the institution to establish educational strategies towards the community for prevention and early diagnosis.

Overexpression of the Selective Autophagy Cargo Receptor NBR1 Modifies Plant Response to Sulfur Deficit.

Plants exposed to sulfur deficit elevate the transcription of NBR1 what might reflect an increased demand for NBR1 in such conditions. Therefore, we investigated the role of this selective autophagy cargo receptor in plant response to sulfur deficit (-S). Transcriptome analysis of the wild type and NBR1 overexpressing plants pointed out differences in gene expression in response to -S. Our attention focused particularly on the genes upregulated by -S in roots of both lines because of significant overrepresentation of cytoplasmic ribosomal gene family. Moreover, we noticed overrepresentation of the same family in the set of proteins co-purifying with NBR1 in -S. One of these ribosomal proteins, RPS6 was chosen for verification of its direct interaction with NBR1 and proven to bind outside the NBR1 ubiquitin binding domains. The biological significance of this novel interaction and the postulated role of NBR1 in ribosomes remodeling in response to starvation remain to be further investigated. Interestingly, NBR1 overexpressing seedlings have significantly shorter roots than wild type when grown in nutrient deficient conditions in the presence of TOR kinase inhibitors. This phenotype probably results from excessive autophagy induction by the additive effect of NBR1 overexpression, starvation, and TOR inhibition.

The role of extracellular matrix on liver stem cell fate: A dynamic relationship in health and disease.

The liver stem cell niche is a specialized and dynamic microenvironment with biomechanical and biochemical characteristics that regulate stem cell behavior. This is feasible due to the coordination of a complex network of secreted factors, small molecules, neural, blood inputs and extracellular matrix (ECM) components involved in the regulation of stem cell fate (self-renewal, survival, and differentiation into more mature phenotypes like hepatocytes and cholangiocytes). In this review, we describe and summarize all the major components that play essential roles in the liver stem cell niche, in particular, growth factor signaling and the biomechanical properties of the ECM.

Etapas históricas del proceso de formación en la especialidad de Estomatología General Integral en provincia Guantánamo / Historical stages of the training process in the specialty of General Comprehensive Stomatology in Guantanamo province

Introducción: a lo largo de su historia la formación de estomatólogos en Cuba transita por diferentes planes de estudios pero no hay dudas que los cambios más radicales se generan a partir del triunfo de la Revolución Cubana, cuando se produce una democratización del acceso a la carrera, el desarrollo de la educación de posgrado, sobre todo de la especialización y el tránsito gradual de la concepción del proceso salud enfermedad. Objetivo: exponer la consolidación del proceso de formación en la especialidad de Estomatología General Integral en provincia Guantánamo. Desarrollo: se realizó un análisis histórico del proceso formativo de la Especialidad de Estomatología General Integral en Guantánamo considerando la relevancia que tiene esa especialidad en el sistema de atención estomatológica en Cuba. Se tienen en cuenta los siguientes indicadores: modelo formativo, forma de ingreso al proceso formativo, escenario de formación y modelo de atención estomatológica. Se establecieron los hitos históricos que permitieron delimitar tres etapas del proceso formativo en la especialidad de Estomatología General Integral, las regularidades históricas y descripción de cada etapa y, finalmente, se planteó la tendencia histórica que prevaleció en el proceso. Conclusiones: al analizar de manera integral las etapas del proceso de formación en la especialidad de EGI se estableció como tendencia histórica: el proceso de formación en la especialidad de Estomatología General Integral ha transitado desde un modelo biologicista y curativo, de una práctica asistencial fragmentada, y un ingreso selectivo de los estomatólogos, hacia un modelo biopsicosocial, basado en la promoción de salud y la prevención de enfermedades, pero ha mantenido en sus planes de estudio el enfoque tradicional con los objetivos como categorías rectoras(AU)

Introduction: throughout its history, the training of stomatologists in Cuba has been going through different study plans, but there is no doubt that the most radical changes are generated after the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, when there is a democratization of access to careers, the development of postgraduate education, especially the specialization and the gradual transition of the conception of the health disease process. Objective: to present the consolidation of the training process in the specialty of General Comprehensive Stomatology in Guantanamo province. Development: a historical analysis of the training process of the Specialty of General Comprehensive Stomatology in Guantánamo was carried out considering the relevance of this specialty in the dental care system in Cuba. The following indicators are taken into account: training model, form of entry into the training process, training scenario and stomatological care model. In the article the historical milestones were established that allowed to delimit three stages of the formative process in the specialty of Integral General Dentistry, the historical regularities and description of each stage and, finally, the historical tendency that prevailed in the process was raised. Conclusions: by comprehensively analyzing the stages of the training process in the specialty of EGI was established as a historical trend: the training process in the specialty of General Comprehensive Stomatology has gone from a biologicist and curative model, a fragmented care practice, and a selective entrance of the stomatologists, towards a biopsychosocial model, based on health promotion and disease prevention, but it has maintained in its study plans the traditional approach with the objectives as governing categories(AU)

Introdução: Ao longo de sua história a formação de odontologia em Cuba passa por currículos diferentes, mas não há dúvida de que as mudanças mais radicais são gerados a partir do triunfo da Revolução Cubana, quando um acesso democratização ocorre para a corrida , o desenvolvimento do ensino de pós-graduação, especialmente a especialização e a transição gradual da concepção do processo de doença em saúde. Objetivo: apresentar a consolidação do processo de formação na especialidade de Estomatologia Geral Geral na província de Guantánamo. Desenvolvimento: uma análise histórica do processo de formação da especialidade de estomatologia geral abrangente em Guantánamo foi realizada considerando a relevância desta especialidade no sistema de atendimento odontológico em Cuba. Os seguintes indicadores são levados em consideração: modelo de treinamento, forma de entrada no processo de treinamento, cenário de treinamento e modelo de atendimento estomatológico. No artigo, os marcos históricos que ajudaram a determinar três etapas do processo educativo na especialidade de Estomatologia Integral Geral resolvido, regularidades históricas e descrição de cada fase e, finalmente, a tendência histórica que prevaleceu no processo foi levantada. Conclusões: para analisar de forma abrangente os estágios de formação na especialidade de EGI foi estabelecida como uma tendência histórica: o processo de formação na especialidade de Integral Odontologia geral passou de biologicista e modelo curativo da prática do cuidado fragmentado, e uma entrada seletiva dos estomatologistas, em direção a um modelo biopsicossocial, baseado na promoção da saúde e na prevenção de doenças, mas manteve em seus planos de estudo a abordagem tradicional com os objetivos como categorias reguladoras(AU)

Aplicaciones clínicas de la nanotecnología en odontología y medicina oral / Clinical applications of nanotechnology in dentistry and oral medicine

La nanotecnología se define como la manipulación de objetos en escala nanométrica. Su utilización en el campo odontológico es innumerable. Los nanosistemas juegan un papel emergente e innovador en la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de muchas enfermedades de la cavidad bucal. La nanotecnología en los últimos años está revolucionando nuestra forma de trabajar, gracias a la fabricación de dispositivos con nanosensores se nos permitirá hacer un diagnóstico eficaz y altamente específico en poco tiempo, y ofrecerá una terapia alternativa y eficiente especialmente en el tratamiento contra el cáncer oral, mejorando la vida de los seres humanos. Con esta revisión queremos aclarar y profundizar en el estudio sobre las aplicaciones de la nanotecnología en Odontología y Medicina Oral

Nanotechnology is defined as the manipulation of objects on the nanoscale. It’s potential applications in the field of dentistry are countless. The nano-systems play an outstanding and innovative role in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many diseases of the oral cavity. The main objective of this review is to clarify and deepen the study of the applications of nanotechnology in oral medicine. Nanotechnology in the recent years is revolutionizing the way we work, more than any other discovery of the past. Making nanosensors devices allows efficient and highly specific diagnosis in a short time, and will offer an alternative and effective therapy particularly in the treatment of oral cancer, improving the lives of human beings. The main objective of this review is to clarify and deepen the study of the applications of nanotechnology in oral medicine

Dolor crónico del maxilar. presentación de un caso / Chronic pain of the maxilla. presentation of a case

Se presentó el caso de una paciente de 31 años de edad atendida en el Departamento de Patología bucal de la Universidad de San Gregorio de Portoviejo, Ecuador, con historia de dolor de más de dos años de duración en el maxilar derecho luego de una extracción dentaria. Se abordaron aspectos de la semiotecnia diagnóstica y el tratamiento. Se realizó una revisión actualizada de la literatura científica sobre el tema(AU)

It was presented a case of 31-year-old female patient admitted at the Department of Oral Pathology at the University of San Gregorio of Portoviejo, Ecuador, with a history of pain of more than two years in the right maxilla after a tooth extraction. Aspects of diagnostic, semiotic and treatment are exposed. An updated review of the scientific literature on the subject is made

Etapas históricas del proceso de formación en la especialidad de Estomatología General Integral en provincia Guantánamo / Etapas históricas do processo de formação na especialidade de estomatologia geral abrangente na província de Guantánamo / Historical stages of the training process in the specialty of General Comprehensive Stomatology in Guantanamo province

Introducción: a lo largo de su historia la formación de estomatólogos en Cuba transita por diferentes planes de estudios pero no hay dudas que los cambios más radicales se generan a partir del triunfo de la Revolución Cubana, cuando se produce una democratización del acceso a la carrera, el desarrollo de la educación de posgrado, sobre todo de la especialización y el tránsito gradual de la concepción del proceso salud enfermedad. Objetivo: exponer la consolidación del proceso de formación en la especialidad de Estomatología General Integral en provincia Guantánamo. Desarrollo: se realizó un análisis histórico del proceso formativo de la Especialidad de Estomatología General Integral en Guantánamo considerando la relevancia que tiene esa especialidad en el sistema de atención estomatológica en Cuba. Se tienen en cuenta los siguientes indicadores: modelo formativo, forma de ingreso al proceso formativo, escenario de formación y modelo de atención estomatológica. Se establecieron los hitos históricos que permitieron delimitar tres etapas del proceso formativo en la especialidad de Estomatología General Integral, las regularidades históricas y descripción de cada etapa y, finalmente, se planteó la tendencia histórica que prevaleció en el proceso. Conclusiones: al analizar de manera integral las etapas del proceso de formación en la especialidad de EGI se estableció como tendencia histórica: el proceso de formación en la especialidad de Estomatología General Integral ha transitado desde un modelo biologicista y curativo, de una práctica asistencial fragmentada, y un ingreso selectivo de los estomatólogos, hacia un modelo biopsicosocial, basado en la promoción de salud y la prevención de enfermedades, pero ha mantenido en sus planes de estudio el enfoque tradicional con los objetivos como categorías rectoras(AU)

Introduction: throughout its history, the training of stomatologists in Cuba has been going through different study plans, but there is no doubt that the most radical changes are generated after the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, when there is a democratization of access to careers, the development of postgraduate education, especially the specialization and the gradual transition of the conception of the health disease process. Objective: to present the consolidation of the training process in the specialty of General Comprehensive Stomatology in Guantanamo province. Development: a historical analysis of the training process of the Specialty of General Comprehensive Stomatology in Guantánamo was carried out considering the relevance of this specialty in the dental care system in Cuba. The following indicators are taken into account: training model, form of entry into the training process, training scenario and stomatological care model. In the article the historical milestones were established that allowed to delimit three stages of the formative process in the specialty of Integral General Dentistry, the historical regularities and description of each stage and, finally, the historical tendency that prevailed in the process was raised. Conclusions: by comprehensively analyzing the stages of the training process in the specialty of EGI was established as a historical trend: the training process in the specialty of General Comprehensive Stomatology has gone from a biologicist and curative model, a fragmented care practice, and a selective entrance of the stomatologists, towards a biopsychosocial model, based on health promotion and disease prevention, but it has maintained in its study plans the traditional approach with the objectives as governing categories(AU)

Introdução: Ao longo de sua história a formação de odontologia em Cuba passa por currículos diferentes, mas não há dúvida de que as mudanças mais radicais são gerados a partir do triunfo da Revolução Cubana, quando um acesso democratização ocorre para a corrida , o desenvolvimento do ensino de pós-graduação, especialmente a especialização e a transição gradual da concepção do processo de doença em saúde. Objetivo: apresentar a consolidação do processo de formação na especialidade de Estomatologia Geral Geral na província de Guantánamo. Desenvolvimento: uma análise histórica do processo de formação da especialidade de estomatologia geral abrangente em Guantánamo foi realizada considerando a relevância desta especialidade no sistema de atendimento odontológico em Cuba. Os seguintes indicadores são levados em consideração: modelo de treinamento, forma de entrada no processo de treinamento, cenário de treinamento e modelo de atendimento estomatológico. No artigo, os marcos históricos que ajudaram a determinar três etapas do processo educativo na especialidade de Estomatologia Integral Geral resolvido, regularidades históricas e descrição de cada fase e, finalmente, a tendência histórica que prevaleceu no processo foi levantada. Conclusões: para analisar de forma abrangente os estágios de formação na especialidade de EGI foi estabelecida como uma tendência histórica: o processo de formação na especialidade de Integral Odontologia geral passou de biologicista e modelo curativo da prática do cuidado fragmentado, e uma entrada seletiva dos estomatologistas, em direção a um modelo biopsicossocial, baseado na promoção da saúde e na prevenção de doenças, mas manteve em seus planos de estudo a abordagem tradicional com os objetivos como categorias reguladoras(AU)